11 Facts About Volcanoes

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1. A volcano is a mountain that opens downward to a pool of molten rock below the surface of the earth. When pressure builds up, eruptions occur.^[The Disaster Management Coordination Agency . "Knowing Your Volcano ." DMCA.gov. Accessed February 11, 2014, http://dmca.gov.ms/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/Knowing-your-Volcano.pdf.]
2. In an eruption, gases and rock shoot up through the opening and spill over or fill the air with lava fragments. Eruptions can cause lava flows, hot ash flows, mudslides, avalanches, falling ash and floods.^[The Disaster Management Coordination Agency . "Knowing Your Volcano ." DMCA.gov. Accessed February 11, 2014, http://dmca.gov.ms/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/Knowing-your-Volcano.pdf.]
3. The danger area around a volcano covers about a 20-mile radius.^[Ready.Gov. "Volcanoes." Ready.gov. Accessed February 11, 2014, http://www.ready.gov/volcanoes.]
4. Fresh volcanic ash, made of pulverized rock, can be harsh, acidic, gritty, glassy and smelly. The ash can cause damage to the lungs of older people, babies and people with respiratory problems.^[Volcano Hazards Program. "Volcanic Ash -- Effects on Health and MitigationStrategies." Volcanoes.USGS.gov/. Accessed February 11, 2014, http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/ash/health/.]
5. Volcanic lightning occurs mostly within the cloud of ash during an eruption, and is created by the friction of the ash rushing to the surface. Roughly 200 accounts of this lightning have been witnessed live.^[The University of the West Indies Seismic Research Centre. "Volcanic Hazards." uwiseismic.com. Accessed February 11, 2014, http://www.uwiseismic.com/General.aspx?id=18.]
6. An erupting volcano can trigger tsunamis, flash floods, earthquakes, mudflows and rockfalls.^[Black, David. What to Do When the Shit Hits the Fan THE ULTIMATE PREPPER'S GUIDE TO PREPARING FOR, AND COPING WITH, ANY EMERGENCY. New York: Skyhorse Publishing, Inc., 2007.]
7. More than 80% of the earth's surface is volcanic in origin. The sea floor and some mountains were formed by countless volcanic eruptions. Gaseous emissions from volcano formed the earth's atmosphere.^[Antosia, Robert E., and John D. Cahill.Handbook of bioterrorism and disaster medicine. New York, N.Y.: Springer, 2006.]
8. There are more than 500 active volcanoes in the world. More than half of these volcanoes are part of the "Ring of Fire," a region that encircles the Pacific Ocean.^[Nwanna, Gladson I.. Natural disasters and other emergencies, what you should know: a family planning & survival guide. Baltimore, Md.: Frontline Publishers, 2004.]
9. Active volcanoes in the U.S. are found mainly in Hawaii, Alaska, California, Oregon and Washington, but the greatest chance of eruptions near areas where many people live is in Hawaii and Alaska.^[Topinka, Lyn. ""Ring of Fire", Plate Tectonics,Sea-Floor Spreading, Subduction Zones,"Hot Spots"." U.S. Geological Survey. Accessed February 16, 2014, http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Glossary/PlateTectonics/description_plate_tectonics.html.]
10. The sound of an eruption volcano can be quiet and hissing or explosive and booming. The loud cracks travel hundreds of miles and do the most damage, including hearing loss and broken glass.^[Oregon State University. "Volcano Sounds." Volcano.OregonState.edu. Accessed February 18, 2014, http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/book/export/html/385.]
11. The most deadly eruptions have occurred in Indonesia, with tens of thousands of lives lost to starvation, tsunami (as a result of the eruption), ash flows, and mudflows.^[Kean University . "Volcanic Activity." Kean.edu. Accessed February 18, 2014, http://www.kean.edu/~csmart/Observing/07.%20Volcanic%20activity.pdf.]